Tuesday, January 8, 2008 African-Americans Fight for the Cause of Freedom

In 1862, President Lincoln's EmancipationProclamation opened the door for African Americans to enlist in the Union Army. Although many had wanted to join the war effort earlier, they were prohibited from enlisting by a federal law dating back to 1792.

President Lincoln had also feared that if he authorized their recruitment, border states would secede from the Union. By the end of the war, approximately 180,000 African-American soldiers had joined the fight.

In addition to the problems of war faced by all soldiers, African-American soldiers faced additional difficulties created by racial prejudice. Although many served in the infantry and artillery, discriminatory practices resulted in large numbers of African-American soldiers being assigned to perform non-combat, support duties as cooks, laborers, and teamsters.

African-American soldiers were paid $10 per month, from which $3 was deducted for clothing. White soldiers were paid $13 per month, from which no clothing allowance was deducted. If captured by the Confederate Army, African-American soldiers confronted a much greater threat than did their white counterparts.

In spite of their many hardships, African-American soldiers served the Union Army well and distinguished themselves in many battles. Of their service to the nation Frederick Douglass said, "Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right of citizenship in the United States."

African-American soldiers comprised about 10 percent of the Union Army. It is estimated that one-third of all African Americans who enlisted lost their lives.

The answers to these questions can be found in the article above. Don't forget to copy and paste the title of this blog into your "post". Read carefully.

1. Why did President Lincoln fear recruitment of African-American soldiers?

2. The Black soldiers wanted to fight but they were often assigned non-combat duties. What were two non-combat duties assigned to these soldiers?

3. What discrimination in pay did African-American soldiers face?

4. What percentage of the army was made up of African-American soldiers?

5. Approximately how many African-American soldiers served in the Civil War?

Just for fun, look carefully at the painting above. The painting illustrates something that was true about all the African-American troops. Do you think you know what it is?